Hybrid Perpetual Roses [ Tetraploid ]Over a thousand varieties of Hybrid Perpetual were raised in the end of the nineteenth century, of which probably less than a hundred survive today. The ancestor of this class was the Portland x China hybrid, Rose du Roi, which appeared in 1816. When crossed with both Hybrid Chinas (Gailica x China crosses) and Bourbons, in about 1835, a new class of Hybrid remontants or Hybrid Perpetuals was born. Some of the first were raised by Laffay, notably La Reine and Gloire des Rosomanes , the latest such as Arilaga in the early twentieth century. The Hybrid Perpetuals are usually rather coarse growing, usually red, mauve, pink or white, often with huge flowers and strong shoots which need to be pegged down so that they produce flowers along their length. Many HP's show a tendency towards fungal diseases, requiring a careful program of spraying. They began to fade from the scene with the advent of the Hybrid Tea. Their Portland ancestry makes these hardier than the Noisettes, but they still need protection in cold areas.